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8 Climbing Techniques Every Beginner Should Master

Updated: 20 hours ago

From the outside, mastering rock climbing appears to take hours of upper-body and core training, chiseling down those biceps, triceps, forearms, lats, and abs until you can crank out 100 sit-ups and 20+ pull-ups. While muscular strength will help you climb, it isn’t as make or break as it might seem. A more significant component of excelling in climbing is mastering movement. If you can learn how to maneuver and position your weight efficiently, you can use your technique to compensate where strength lacks.


Generally speaking, climbing frequently for beginners is enough to pick up on essential rock climbing techniques. However, if you’re a beginner looking for a list of specific techniques and movements to improve your climbing, then search no more. These are eight climbing techniques that every beginner climber should master to take their climbing to the next level.


8 Climbing Methods That All Novices Must Learn


beginner female climber with her climbing partner

1. Quiet Feet

Wasted energy in climbing is a critical element that can significantly impact your performance on the wall. Every ounce of energy counts when climbing, and inefficient movements can quickly drain your strength. One of the key culprits of wasted energy is executing movements with poor technique and little finesse. This can manifest in the form of loud and clumsy foot placements, which not only disrupt your flow but also signify a loss of control. For many novice climbers, the sound of their climbing shoes scraping against the wall or the heavy thud when landing on a hold is common. These noises indicate a lack of precision and remind us of the energy needlessly expended. You can enhance your control and efficiency on the wall by honing your ability to move quietly and deliberately. Developing the skill of moving and positioning your feet with minimal sound can be a challenging yet rewarding practice. It forces you to slow down, focus on your technique, and focus on your body positioning. By doing so, you not only conserve energy but also improve your overall climbing ability. This deliberate approach encourages you to be more mindful of each movement, leading to a more fluid and efficient climbing style.


2. Minimal Adjustments

If you took a video of every climber in the gym and watched it back, you would likely notice 8 out of 10 climbers making micro-adjustments to their hand and foot positions every time they move a limb. As a rock climber, it’s not something you are likely to notice while climbing consciously, but it is another way you are wasting energy on the wall.


The more you practice leaving your hands and feet in the first position they land on hold, the more you can be precise with placing feet and grabbing hands. Precision equates to efficiency, which is crucial for improvement. The first few times you practice negating micro-movements, it's normal to feel a bit insecure as you still master how to grab different hold types in the best position. However, making moves while feeling insecure is a part of the learning process. It will help teach you confidence and increase your strength to execute more challenging moves.


By focusing on minimizing these small adjustments, climbers can enhance their overall climbing performance significantly. Not only does this approach conserve energy, but it also promotes better technique and body awareness. When climbers learn to trust their initial placements and movements, they develop a heightened sense of control and stability on the wall. This newfound precision allows for smoother transitions between holds and more efficient climbing sequences. Moreover, the process of refining one's climbing style to eliminate unnecessary micro-movements is a journey of self-discovery and skill development. It requires patience, dedication, and a willingness to push past comfort zones. As climbers persist in honing this aspect of their climbing, they not only become physically stronger but also mentally tougher. Overcoming the initial feelings of insecurity leads to a profound sense of accomplishment and a deeper understanding of one's capabilities as a climber. In essence, mastering the art of minimizing micro-adjustments in climbing is not just about saving energy or improving efficiency; it is about unlocking one's full potential as a climber. It is a transformative process that transcends the physical act of climbing, instilling valuable lessons in perseverance, self-assurance, and continuous growth. So, the next time you hit the gym or venture outdoors to climb, remember that every subtle adjustment matters and that by focusing on precision, you are not only enhancing your performance but also embarking on a journey of personal development and empowerment.


3. Heel Hooking

Another crucial climbing technique that can significantly enhance your climbing skills is 'Heel Hooking.' This technique involves using your heel to hook onto a hold, allowing you to maintain body tension, reach distant holds, and even find moments of rest on the wall. While many climbers focus on their upper body strength, the lower body plays an equally important role in successful climbing.


When executing a heel hook correctly, you should aim to have your climbing shoe's heel securely locked onto a hold. This position activates your posterior leg muscles, including the calf, hamstrings, and glutes, providing stability and power to your movement. By engaging these muscles effectively, you can improve your balance and control and reduce the strain on your upper body.


Mastering the art of heel hooking can make a significant difference in your climbing performance. It allows you to stay closer to the wall, which can be particularly useful on overhanging routes where maintaining contact with the wall is crucial. As you become more proficient in using heel hooks, you will rely less on your upper body strength, making your climbing more efficient and sustainable in the long run.


Incorporating heel hooking into your climbing repertoire can open up new possibilities on various routes, enabling you to tackle challenging moves with greater ease and finesse. Practice this technique regularly to refine your skills and enhance your overall climbing experience.


4. Toe Hooking

Toe-hooking is a fundamental technique in climbing that enhances your ability to navigate challenging routes by providing stability and balance. By utilizing ankle dorsiflexion and engaging muscles such as the tibialis anterior, quadriceps, and hip flexors, toe-hooking complements heel hooks to help you maintain contact with the wall. This technique is essential for climbers as it allows them to redistribute weight effectively, enabling them to release a hand momentarily to reach for the next hold or make a dynamic move. The precise placement of the toe on a feature of the wall is crucial for maximizing the effectiveness of toe-hooking, as it can provide the necessary leverage and support to tackle difficult sections of a route. Mastering the art of toe-hooking improves your climbing efficiency and enhances your overall climbing experience by giving you the confidence to attempt more challenging routes with finesse and control.


5. Three-finger Drag

This grip position, known as the open-hand grip, is a fundamental technique in climbing that involves using the pointer, middle, and ring fingers. It falls under the category of crimping, alongside the half and full crimps. By training your three-finger drag by holding onto climbing holds with this grip, you can significantly enhance your crimping power and contact strength.


Unlike other crimp positions that involve a thumb lock over the index finger for added force, the three-finger drag is particularly effective at engaging the forearm flexors. Climbers often default to this grip when grabbing a hold due to its efficiency, especially considering the challenge of involving the pinkies and thumbs, which require more deliberate effort to engage.


This hand position may come naturally for young climbers due to their smaller hands and higher strength-to-weight ratio. On the other hand, novice adult climbers might need to consciously remind themselves to utilize the three-finger drag, as transitioning into a half or full crimp can initially feel more instinctive.


Mastering the open-hand grip and honing your three-finger drag technique can significantly benefit your climbing performance by improving your grip strength, endurance, and overall climbing efficiency. This skill requires practice and mindfulness to integrate seamlessly into your climbing repertoire, ultimately contributing to your progress and success on the wall.

 

6. Drop-knee

This highly technical movement, known as the drop-knee, is a fundamental technique in climbing that offers a myriad of benefits to climbers of all levels. By skillfully executing a drop-knee, climbers can effectively stabilize themselves, conserve energy, and achieve better resting positions during their ascent. Furthermore, mastering the drop-knee can significantly enhance a climber's ability to extend their reach, enabling them to tackle more challenging routes with greater ease.


Executing a drop-knee involves a precise internal rotation of the hip and knee, resulting in a position where the dropped knee is noticeably bent, sometimes to extreme angles depending on the individual's mobility, while the hip remains in close proximity to the wall. This position optimizes weight distribution and body alignment, allowing climbers to maintain balance and control on the wall.


For novice climbers, practicing the drop-knee on easier climbs is highly recommended. While it may initially pose a challenge to seamlessly transition into a drop-knee position, starting on simpler routes provides a supportive environment to hone this technique. By incorporating drop-knees into every move, alternating sides to ensure balanced development, climbers can gradually build proficiency and confidence in executing this essential climbing maneuver.


7. Flagging

Flagging is an essential technique in rock climbing that allows climbers to maintain balance and stability when no footholds are available. By extending one leg to the side or back, climbers can counterbalance their weight and prevent themselves from swinging away from the wall, commonly called a barn door. Mastering different flags, such as outside, inside, and back flags, can significantly enhance a climber's ability to navigate challenging routes.


When climbing, keeping opposite hand and foot points of contact is crucial to distribute weight evenly and maximize stability. This technique helps prevent barn doors and reduces the strain on the upper body muscles, making it easier to hold on for extended periods. By incorporating flagging into their climbing repertoire, climbers can improve their efficiency and technique on vertical or overhanging routes.


Understanding the mechanics of flagging and practicing different variations can greatly benefit climbers of all skill levels. By utilizing this technique strategically, climbers can overcome difficult sections of a route with greater ease and confidence. Moreover, flagging can also be used to create momentum or reach distant holds, adding a dynamic element to climbing movements.


In conclusion, flagging is a versatile and effective technique crucial in rock climbing. By incorporating flagging into their climbing skills, climbers can enhance their balance, stability, and overall performance on various types of climbing terrain.


8. Smearing

Smearing is a technique that becomes crucial in climbing when facing a challenging route without apparent footholds. It requires the climber to rely on the friction generated by pressing the sole of their climbing shoe against the wall or a volume. This method allows the climber to gain traction and progress upwards by using the wall's surface as a foothold.


The key to successful smearing lies in the amount of pressure applied by the climber's foot. If the smear is not executed with enough force, the risk of a foot slipping off the wall and causing a fall increases significantly. Therefore, climbers must learn to gauge the right amount of pressure needed to maintain a secure hold while smearing.


Mastering the art of smearing involves developing a keen sense of body positioning and balance. By distributing weight effectively and finding the optimal angle to press against the wall, climbers can maximize the friction between their shoes and the surface. This helps prevent slips and conserves energy by allowing for smoother and more controlled movements.


In essence, smearing is a valuable skill that adds versatility to a climber's repertoire. It enables them to tackle a wider range of routes and overcome challenging sections where traditional footholds are scarce. Through practice and experience, climbers can refine their smearing technique and enhance their overall climbing proficiency.



The purpose of these climbing techniques is to help increase efficiency by decreasing wasted energy. Practicing and implementing each will help you master your movement, which is the ultimate key to finding success. Remember that even as you learn each technique, you may spend your entire climbing career refining and perfecting them. But every step you take towards mastering these techniques is a step towards improvement. The sooner you start implementing them, the sooner you’ll see improvements. Look up videos and read through more in-depth articles on each technique to help you along the way. Happy climbing!

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